Konstelasi Norma, Aturan, Prinsip dan Decision Making dalam Paris Agreement Arahkan States Demand dalam Negosiasi Iklim
Keywords:
kesepakatan paris, rezim iklim, norma, aturan , prinsipAbstract
Paris Agreement atau Kesepakatan Paris adalah salah satu kesepakatan yang dihasilkan dari COP (Conference of Parties) dalam UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change) yang mengkaji wacana perubahan iklim dan dampak globalnya. Kesepakatan ini telah ditandatangani oleh 195 negara dalam pertemuan COP-21 tahun 2015. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji Kesepakatan Paris melalui pendekatan rezim. Karena itu, tulisan ini melihat Kesepakatan Paris sebagai rezim iklim yang mana norma, aturan, prinsip dan pengambilan keputusannya perlu dibahas secara mendalam. Tulisan ini sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa norma, prinsip, aturan dan pengambilan keputusan dalam Kesepakatan Paris dapat diurai yang mana normanya meliputi equitable distribution of responsibilities, sustainable development, equity, responsibilities, capabilities, naming and shaming, dan right to development. Adapun prinsipnya yakni, nationally but differentiated contribution responsibility (NDCR), Intended Nationally but Determined Responsibility (INDR), equal burdens, Polluter Pays, Modified Polluter Pays, Equal Shares, dan Greenhouse Development Right. Sedangkan aturannya meliputi keharusan untuk menetapkan rencana aksi (climate action) dan target yang bebas dipilih secara terukur. Sementara itu, pengambilan keputusan dipahami melalui proses “pledge and review”.
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