DIPLOMASI SINGAPURA TERHADAP INDONESIA DALAM UPAYA MENANGANI PANDEMI COVID-19
Keywords:
diplomasi kesehatan, indonesia, singapura, pandemi covid 2022Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi diplomasi kesehatan Indonesia-Singapura dalam upaya untuk menangani pandemi Covid-19. Indonesia dan Singapura memiliki hubungan diplomasi yang kompleks di berbagai bidang. Akan tetapi, kerjasama kesehatan belum menjadi perhatian mendalam dalam kajian hubungan internasional. Melalui studi literatur yang dengan memanfaatkan analisis interpretatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Singapura mendorong Indonesia secara inspiratif melakukan kebijakan-kebijakan penguatan di sektor kesehatan agar dapat bertahan di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Beberapa hal ini ditemukan dalam implementasi sistem pelacakan mobilitas penduduk, pengadaan alat medis, hingga pelatihan tenaga medis yang integratif.
References
Buku
Berridge, G. R. (2010). Diplomacy Theory and Practice.
Cresswell, J. W. (2015). Penelitian kualitatif & desain riset: Memilih diantara lima pendekatan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Garrett, L. (2011). Betrayal of Trust.
Harman, S., & Papamichail, A. (2024). Global Health Governance. Taylor & Francis.
Ing, L. Y., & Basri, M. C. (2023). COVID-19 in Indonesia: Impacts on the Economy and Ways to Recovery. Taylor & Francis.
Jönsson, C., & Hall, M. (2005). Essence of Diplomacy Integrating Diplomats. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jullien, B., & Smith, A. (2008). Industries and Globalization: The Political Causality of Difference. Springer.
Kickbusch, I., Lister, G., Told, M., & Drager, N. (Ed.). (2013). Global health diplomacy: Concepts, issues, actors, instruments, fora and cases. New York: Springer.
Lewis, B. D., & Witoelar, F. (2021). Economic Dimensions of COVID-19 in Indonesia: Responding to the Crisis. ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute.
Missoni, E., Pacileo, G., & Tediosi, F. (2019). Global Health Governance and Policy: An Introduction. Routledge.
Mosley, D. M. (2020). COVID-19: What you need to know about the coronavirus and the race for the vaccine. Simon & Schuster Australia.
Setiawan, O. A. (2016). DIKTAT TEORI DAN PRAKTIK DIPLOMASI.
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Dalam METODE PENELITIAN ILMIAH.
Youde, J. (2013). Global Health Governance. John Wiley & Sons.
Jurnal
Bown, C. P. (2022). How COVID‐19 Medical Supply Shortages Led to Extraordinary Trade and Industrial Policy. Asian Economic Policy Review, 17(1), 114–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12359
Kim, Y., & Park, Y. (2022). International health cooperation in the post-pandemic era: Possibilities for and limitations of middle powers in international cooperation. Social Sciences, 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060259
Putri, R. A., Pratama, D. P., Mahadiansar, M., & Swastiwi, A. W. (2023). Indonesia-Singapore Strategy Cooperation Diplomacy in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Batam City. Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Kebijakan (JPK), 4(3), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.18196/jpk.v4i3.18418
Rampal, L., Liew, B., Choolani, M., & Shorey, S. (2023). Evaluating healthcare response to COVID-19 across Southeast Asia: A post-Pandemic Reflection and Way Forward. The Medical Journal of …. Diambil dari https://www.e-mjm.org/2023/v78n6/COVID-19-healthcare-response.pdf
Rusandi, M., & Rusli, M. (2021). Merancang Penelitian Kualitatif Dasar/Deskriptif dan Studi Kasus. 2(1). https://doi.org/10.55623/au.v2i1.18
Yu, T., & Han, E. (2023). Indonesia’s relations with China in the age of COVID-19. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221149751
Zainul, H., Chan, G., & Khor, S. (2023). Asia is Reshaping the Geopolitics of Health. Georgetown Journal of International …, 24(2), 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1353/gia.2023.a913650
Zeng, W., Ding, M., & Liu, H. (2023). China’s health silk road construction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2023.2185799
Sumber Internet (Web)
Accesswire Newsroom. (2025). Bahrain EDB Attracts Over USD 380 Million in Investment Commitments from Singapore. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari ACCESSWIRE Newsroom website: https://www.accessnewswire.com/newsroom/en/banking-and-financial-services/bahrain-edb-attracts-over-usd-380-million-in-investment-commitments-f-990814
Alexandro, R. (2023). Global Health Diplomacy Singapura terhadap Indonesia di tengah Pandemi COVID-19 (repository.upnvj.ac.id). repository.upnvj.ac.id. Diambil dari https://repository.upnvj.ac.id/26912/
Allayna, A. M., Nadjib, H. A., & Tamsyah, I. (2022). Bantuan luar negeri amerika serikat dalam menangani pandemi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) di indonesia tahun 2020-2022 (Undergraduate, Sriwijaya University). Sriwijaya University. Diambil dari https://repository.unsri.ac.id/83064/
Antaranews.com. (2024). Dyna.Ai and DCS Card Centre Partner to Accelerate AI Transformation in Singapore’s Financial Services Sector. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari Antara News website: https://en.antaranews.com/news/334793/dynaai-and-dcs-card-centre-partner-to-accelerate-ai-transformation-in-singapores-financial-services-sector
APAC PMRE Task Force. (2024). Pharmaceutical Market & Regulatory Environment in Asia (PMRE). Diambil dari https://apac-asia.com/images/ra/pdf/report2024.pdf
Biofarma. (2022). Bio Farma to Receive mRNA Vaccine Transfer Technology. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari Website website: https://www.biofarma.co.id/en/latest-news/detail/bio-farma-to-receive-mrna-vaccine-transfer-technology
Brand Finance. (2025). Singapore is ASEAN’s top nation brand in Global Soft Power Index 2025 | Press Release | Brand Finance. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari https://brandfinance.com/press-releases/singapore-is-aseans-top-nation-brand-in-global-soft-power-index-2025
COVID, T. (t.t.). THE GEOPOLITICS OF HEALTH IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. api.taylorfrancis.com, (Query date: 2025-02-14 15:43:05). Diambil dari https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9781003332060&type=googlepdf
Doctor Anywhere. (2022). Doctor Anywhere and Lifebuoy Partner to Advance Singapore’s Preventive Healthcare Strategy. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari Doctor Anywhere website: https://doctoranywhere.com/blog/2022/11/14/doctor-anywhere-and-lifebuoy-partner-to-advance-singapores-preventive-healthcare-strategy/
HealthHub. (2024). Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/initiatives/healthhub/
Jersey Evening Post. (2025). On average, Singapore students are almost three to five years of schooling ahead of their peers—Jersey Evening Post. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari https://jerseyeveningpost.com/voices/2025/02/28/on-average-singapore-students-are-almost-three-to-five-years-of-schooling-ahead-of-their-peers/
Khor, S. (2023). Asia is Reshaping the Geopolitics of Health. HeinOnline. Diambil dari https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/geojaf24§ion=38
Kompasiana.com. (2024, Oktober 17). Inovasi Digitalisasi Pemerintah Indonesia: Studi Kasus Era Covid-19. Diambil 6 Juni 2025, dari KOMPASIANA website: https://www.kompasiana.com/rofiqohrayvani6010/6710baf5ed641504947ca942/inovasi-digitalisasi-pemerintah-indonesia-studi-kasus-era-covid-19
Liputan6.com. (2020). Bertambah 1 WNI Positif Corona COVID-19 di Singapura, Total Jadi 31. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari Liputan6.com website: https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4212844/bertambah-1-wni-positif-corona-covid-19-di-singapura-total-jadi-31
Mak, J. (2022). Is the COVAX Facility ensuring equitable vaccine distribution? Diambil 30 April 2025, dari https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/covax-facility-ensuring-equitable-vaccine-distribution?gad_source=1&gbraid=0AAAAADibICMajIJ2yrVZ7QuMzNn9q4Lhj&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8cHABhC-ARIsAJnY12xpulfK5hVCxj2Yykq1E45ZGCUqkMvHFVRCn1QzdtejisfDMJivez0aAskCEALw_wcB
Maude, R., & Fraser, D. (2022). Chinese diplomacy in Southeast Asia during the Covid-19 pandemic. … . org/policy-institute/chinese-diplomacy …. Diambil dari https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/Chinese%20Diplomacy%20in%20Southeast%20Asia%20During%20the%20Pandemic.pdf
MoFA. (2021). Contribution of Vaccines to Support Indonesia’s Fight Against COVID-19, 28 September 2021. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2021/09/20210928-vaccines-to-indon
Oh Yi Na. (2024). PMO | DPM Heng Swee Keat at the Singapore Week of Innovation and Technology (SWITCH) 2024 [Text]. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari Prime Minister’s Office Singapore website: https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/DPM-Heng-Swee-Keat-at-SWITCH-2024
OpenGov Asia. (2025). Exclusive! From Chaos to Control: How Smart Mobility and Data Drive Singapore’s Logistics and Transportation – OpenGov Asia. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari https://opengovasia.com/2025/02/13/exclusive-from-chaos-to-control-how-smart-mobility-and-data-drive-singapores-logistics-and-transportation/
Post, T. J. (2020). Indonesia to start phase III clinical trials of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine on Tuesday—National. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari The Jakarta Post website: https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/08/07/indonesia-to-start-phase-iii-clinical-trials-of-sinovac-covid-19-vaccine-on-tuesday.html
Reuters. (2025). Under COVID lockdown: How we lived five years ago [News blob]. Diambil dari Under COVID lockdown: How we lived five years ago website: https://www.reuters.com/pictures/life-under-lockdown-how-we-lived-five-years-ago-2025-03-12/
Rogers, R. (2020). Delivering modern, accessible virtual healthcare solutions with the cloud | AWS Public Sector Blog. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari https://aws.amazon.com/fr/blogs/publicsector/delivering-modern-accessible-virtual-healthcare-solutions-cloud/
Santosa, I. (2025, Mei 20). Kasus Covid-19 Melonjak di Singapura, Bangkok, dan Hong Kong. Diambil 6 Juni 2025, dari Kompas.id website: https://www.kompas.id/artikel/kasus-covid-19-melonjak-di-singapura-bangkok-dan-hongkong
Straitstimes. (2020). Late-stage Covid-19 vaccine trial could start in Singapore before end-2020. The Straits Times. Diambil dari https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/late-stage-covid-19-vaccine-trial-could-start-in-singapore-before-end-2020
Tan, J. (2020, November 12). SATS able to transport Pfizer’s experimental Covid-19 vaccine at low temperatures: CEO. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari Yahoo Finance website: https://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/sats-able-transport-pfizer-experimental-040403101.html
The Strait Times. (2025). Singapore’s port sets new records for vessel arrivals, shipping containers handled in 2024 | The Straits Times. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapores-port-sets-new-records-for-vessel-arrivals-shipping-containers-handled-in-2024
ThermoFisher Scientific. (2022). mRNA Vaccines—ID. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari https://www.thermofisher.com/id/en/home/industrial/pharma-biopharma/nucleic-acid-therapeutic-development-solutions/mrna-research/mrna-vaccines.html
Tjahjono, A. S. (2025, Mei 23). Covid-19 Masih Ada. Diambil 6 Juni 2025, dari Kompas.id website: https://www.kompas.id/artikel/covid-19-masih-ada
Transparency.org. (2025). 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index: Countries on front line of climate…. Diambil 1 Maret 2025, dari Transparency.org website: https://www.transparency.org/en/press/2024-corruption-perceptions-index-countries-on-front-line-of-climate-crisis-in-asia-pacific-struggling-to-fight-back-corruption
YCH Official Site. (2021). YCH Indonesia Partnering with PT Multi Terminal Indonesia to Strengthen the Supply Chain and Logistics Ecosystem in Indonesia with the Smart Growth Connect (SGConnectTM) Initiative. Diambil 6 Mei 2025, dari https://www.ych.com/press-release/2021-11-26/
